Tuesday, June 14, 2011

Does the U.S. Navy really need diesel submarines?

Here's another post from my brother the naval officer, who I'm going to go ahead and start referring to here as Ramius, because it's hilarious to imagine his reaction to being nicknamed for a fictional Scots-Soviet sub-driver. He'd also like me to remind you that he, like the rest of us, is all disclaimered-up: he doesn't speak for his wife, his kids, other dudes who work in, on, or around water, and most especially not the U.S. Navy or any other part of the government. So there's that cleared up. Today he takes on the subject of diesel submarines and the U.S. fleet. Take it away, Ramius (LULZ)!

So I was all geared up to write about the Chinese aircraft carrier when I ran across this article in which the American Enterprise Institute’s Gary J. Schmitt and Richard Cleary argue that the United States needs to build diesel submarines. Submarines being a topic near and dear to my heart, I couldn’t help but dash off a few paragraphs about how they’re completely wrong.

First, their premise is faulty.
The U.S. Navy faces a fundamental dilemma: It needs more submarines, but the overall defense budget required to build those submarines is headed south.
The U.S. Navy doesn’t just need more submarines; it needs more of the type of submarines we’ve already got. Submarines perform a whole range of missions for the fleet and combatant commanders, including intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR), battlespace preparation, sea control, and land attack. The CNO tells me that they’re critical to our ability to project power ashore in the face of area denial and anti-access weapons. So if all submarines are good at all these things, then more of any submarines = more good things, right? Well, no. What Mr. Schmitt and Mr. Cleary don’t tell you is the dirty little secret about diesel submarines: they’re really just mines that can move a little.

A little explanation is in order here. The great advantage of a nuclear submarine is its inexhaustible (in the short term) power supply. A nuclear reactor can provide all the electrical and propulsion power you need, and then some, for as long as you want it (well, for at least double-digit years between refuelings). So a nuclear submarine can run around at max speed all the time. A LOS ANGELES-class SSN can get underway from San Diego and run at 25 knots to the Taiwan Strait with nary a thought for fuel consumption. It has atmosphere control equipment that disposes of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide and makes oxygen from water; it can go weeks without exchanging its atmosphere. The submerged endurance of a nuclear submarine is limited only by how much food it can carry for the crew.

A diesel submarine, on the other hand, lacks the inexhaustible power supply provided by a nuclear reactor. It has two very different modes of operation: battery power and diesel engines. A diesel engine requires a continuous supply of air to operate; hence, the diesel SSK can only snorkel (operate its diesel engine) while surfaced or at periscope depth (submerged to just below the surface with a snorkel mast raised above the surface to supply air to the engine). When snorkeling, a modern diesel submarine typically uses the electrical power provided by the diesel generator to charge the battery and power electric motors for propulsion. While submerged below periscope depth, all electrical and propulsion power is provided by the ship’s battery. The battery can only be charged while snorkeling. Significant propulsion loads – i.e. going fast – discharges the battery terribly fast. A modern SSK may be able to spend a week at 2 knots on one battery charge but only hours at 20 knots. As a result, a prudently-operated diesel submarine will spend the vast majority of its time operating at very slow speeds – about the speed at which a man walks.

Yeah, yeah, I know: AIP. Air-independent propulsion does not make a diesel submarine into something else; it makes it better at being a diesel submarine. It allows the SSP to provide propulsion power from a source other than the battery while submerged, but the power capacity is so low that it is still limited to very slow speeds unless it disregards battery discharge rate.

American submarines spend much of their time forward-deployed, operating covertly. Instead of the two weeks required for an SSN to transit from the West Coast to the Western Pacific, a diesel submarine would take a month and a half. In a standard deployment cycle, in which a submarine spends six months out of every year and a half on deployment, less than three months would be available for operations. Diesel submarines do not lend themselves well to covert operations in opposition-held littoral areas; an SSK will typically run its diesel engine – rather a noisy evolution – daily during nighttime hours to recharge its batteries.

The authors claim that “diesel submarines are smaller, stealthier and more maneuverable in tight spaces than nuclear submarines.” I can’t argue with all of that. They are smaller. As for maneuverability in tight spaces… I’m not sure what that does for you. The ocean doesn’t have many tight spaces, and a nuclear submarine performs just as well in the shallow waters of a littoral environment as does a diesel boat. Regarding stealth, Mr. Scmitt and Mr. Cleary are once again laboring under a misapprehension. It is generally true that a diesel submarine operating on the battery is quieter than a nuclear submarine; the support systems required to be run continuously to keep a reactor operating generate some noise and a diesel submarine does not have similar equipment. However, effective incorporation of acoustic quieting technologies and sound silencing programs has minimized noise levels from American nuclear submarines. While the same cannot be said for many other countries’ SSNs, an SSK enjoys no stealth advantage over a LOS ANGELES- or VIRGINIA-class boat.

It is true that the U.S. Navy is struggling to improve its Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) capabilities. This problem isn’t confined to diesel submarines, though their low radiated noise levels do exacerbate the problem. Here’s the thing: finding a quiet submarine in a big ocean is hard. If that submarine can get up in your business and mix things up, it’s a hell of a lot harder. But an SSK really can’t do that. Because it will always suffer the speed limitations imposed by battery operations, a diesel submarine is little more than a mine with legs. It can park in a spot and wait for the good guys to drive by – and don’t get me wrong, that can be a hugely useful capability when you’re talking about choke points like the Straits or Hormuz, Malacca, or Luzon – but that’s about it. An SSK can’t charge from Hawaii to the South China Sea in days or chase an aircraft carrier in the open ocean. This is the fundamental problem with the suggestion that the U.S. should build diesel submarines. The diesel submarine is an outstanding weapon for its purpose. The diesel submarine is essentially an anti-access/area-denial technology. It’s a mine that can shoot an anti-ship cruise missile (ASCM) with a range of 100 nm instead of an encapsulated torpedo with a range of 1 nm. It’s a useful tool for the Chinese to keep our aircraft carriers out of the area east of Taiwan or to block the Luzon Strait, or for the Russians to choke the routes into their SSBN bastions and their territorial waters. It’s not useful for the things that the United States wants from its submarines.

On top of which, there’s logistical, manning, training, and industrial base concerns touched on nicely here, but after a rambling 1200 words I figure you deserve a break.

G: Little does he know I make you guys read about acquisition all the time...

68 comments:

  1. Thanks for the link shoutout! And thanks for saying this in a much clearer and on-point manner than I was managing while trying to write a now-redundant part-II of my blurt. :-)

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  2. "What Mr. Schmitt and Mr. Cleary don’t tell you is the dirty little secret about diesel submarines: they’re really just mines that can move a little."

    THANK YOU, Ramius! Bravo Zulu.

    -Moose

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  4. That guy doesn't exactly demonstrate an agile mind. He's deeply stuck in the Rickover navy.

    "American submarines spend much of their time forward-deployed, operating covertly. Instead of the two weeks required for an SSN to transit from the West Coast to the Western Pacific, a diesel submarine would take a month and a half. In a standard deployment cycle"

    Such made-for-SSN routines do not need to be used for SSKs. There's no nature's law that your naval base has to be thousands of miles away. That's actually wasteful even for SSNs (but it's the way the USN operates in part because it inflates the "required" ship count).
    SSKs can even be operated from very forward bases - even small fishery harbours. All you need is a rather cheap replenishment ship and voilĂ , you got a naval base.

    SSKs may be slow, but so are SSNs - especially if they don't want to be heard. The in-theatre cruise speed difference is nowhere the usually published figures, especially in shallow waters where the low maximum water pressure reduces the SSN's maximum no-cavitation speed to less than half of its maximum cruise speed.

    A SSK comes close to keep the pace for two weeks under such conditions.

    There's also a counter-argument to cruise speed: Quantity. You can afford about three or more AIP SSKs instead of one SSN. This means that there's usually already an AIP SSK near the position where a SSN would be sent to.
    Quantity becomes even more relevant if we assume that it's about war, and some subs will be lost.

    ReplyDelete
  5. S O - What naval bases would you recommend? A significant commitment of resources - not just cash, but political capita - would be required to build new bases in the western Pacific. Where would you put them? The Pacific is big and things are far apart. Where would these "very forward bases" be? I think you underestimate the support required to keep a submarine operating. "Small fishery harbors"? Really? "A rather cheap replenishment ship" wouldn't get the job done - it's the maintenance and repairs that'll kill ya.

    You're suggesting that the U.S. Navy maliciously bases submarines in U.S. ports as opposed to overseas because it requires more submarines to be built to maintain the same optempo?

    I'm afraid your assertion that U.S. SSNs must stay slow to stay quiet is incorrect, as is your assertion that in-theater cruise speeds are nowhere near the published figures. I'm curious why you believe either of those to be true. Once more, regarding cavitation, you seem to be misinformed - shallow water is nowhere near as limiting as you seem to think.

    Even if I granted all of the above as true - which it's not - you haven't answered the fundamental point: SSKs are ineffective at the missions for which we require submarines. Would you like to address that?

    ReplyDelete
  6. Ramius, I don't disagree with the thrust of your argument, but just a few thoughts:

    1. True, most SSKs have a shorter range and are slower when submerged. But how absolute is the need for a submerged transit from HI/CA/WA to the actual areas of operation?

    2. Don't discard AIP subs too quickly. True, probably not the right boat for trans-Pacific transits. But U-212s have made submerged transits from the Baltic to the Med and according to public sources, manage to do submerged speeds of 20kts. Imagine some of those based out of Japan or Guam.

    Best regards from the world's no. 1 SSK-building nation

    ReplyDelete
  7. SSK's can be very useful for special ops teams who want to be so close to the enemy that they are literally in their harbors or off their coast. The other is that they can be used to patrol their EEZ zones while the SSN's are forward deploy and can be used for intelligence and surveillance operations.

    Even the Russians have been known to use their SSK's to patrol close to their home waters protecting and use them to protect their boomers when they send the boomers to the boomer bastion.

    That's why I believe the US Navy should have a Mix of SSN, SSBN, SSGN and SSK's. Even countries like Tawian can buy SSK's from the US

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    1) JP54
    2) JPA1
    3) MAZUT
    4) AGO
    5) LNG
    6) LPG
    7) D2
    8) D6
    9) REBCO
    10)EN590

    Please contact us via our official email address.

    pavelalek_ivanovich@mail.ru +79260030732

    Thanks.

    Pavel Alek Ivanovich

    ReplyDelete

  21. Greetings,
    I am a Brocker to a Direct Mandate working with a reputable refinery here in Russia Federation, our refineries can supply to you/your buyers it's products such as, JP54, JPA1, MAZUT, AGO, LNG, LPG, D2, D6, REBCO, EN590.....
    Without any delay nor complication. Kindly contact us through any of our informations below for our official soft co-operate offer (SCO).

    Note: FOB delivery is DIP and PAY standard working procedure.

    Contact: +79260025997
    Skyp:nestor.vladimirivanovich7
    Email:nestor.vladimirivanovich7@mail.ru
    Thanks and Best regards.
    Nestor Vladimir Ivanovich

    ReplyDelete
  22. We are please to inform your esteem buying company the petroleum products you are looking for is available in our storage tanks and reservoir for immediate delivery. Such as:

    1) D2 DIESEL GAS OIL L-0.2-62 GOST 305-82.
    2) D6 VIRGIN FUEL OIL
    3) JET FUEL JP54
    4) JET FUEL JPA1

    Provide your official email or contact us via email to enable us issue our official soft corporate offer (SCO).Thanks.

    BELOW IS OUR CONTACT INFORMATION,

    E-mail: neftegazoiltrading@yandex.ru
    E: neftegazoiltrading@yahoo.com

    Skype: neftegazoiltrading

    Best Regards
    (Mr.) Vico PeiĂźker.
    Skype: neftegazoiltrading

    Thank You

    ReplyDelete
  23. AVAILABLE PETROLEUM PRODUCTS ON FOB CI DIP AND PAY, CIF AND TTM PROCEDURE

    WE HAVE AVAILABLE PETROLEUM PRODUCTS FROM RELIABLE REFINERY IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION WITH BEST PRICE AND QUALITY.
    BELOW PRODUCT ARE AVAILABLE WITH BEST OFFERS - FOB CI DIP AND PAY FOB PRODUCTS AVAILABLE

    JP54: Quantity: 500,000-2,000,000 Barrels
    JetA1: Quantity: 500,000-2,000,000 Barrels
    D2: Quantity: 50,000-150,000 Metric Tons
    D6 Virgin: Quantity: 400,000,000-800,000,000 Gallon

    SERIOUS BUYERS PLEASE CONTACT US FOR MORE DETAILS WITH YOUR SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS SO AS TO ENABLE US PROVIDE YOU WITH OUR WORKABLE

    PROCEDURE.
    Sincerely.

    Kuznetsov GAVRIIL Mikhailovich (Mr.)
    EMAIL: kuznetsovgavriil.mikhailovich@mail.ru
    EMAIL: kuznetsovgavriil.mikhailovich@mail.ru
    Skype: GAVRIL Mikhailovich
    TEL: +7 9153753185

    Best
    regards Kuznetsov GAVRIIL Mikhailovich

    ReplyDelete

  24. Hello we Can supply Aviation Kerosene,Jet fuel (JP 54-A1,5), Diesel (Gas Oil) and Fuel Oil D2, D6,ETC in FOB/Rotterdam only, serious buyer should contact or if you have serious buyers

    my seller is ready to close this deal fast contact us below:now base email us (vlahdanichka_misha@mail.ru)

    PRODUCT AVAILABLE IN ROTTERDAM/ CI DIP AND PAY IN SELLER EX-SHORE TANK.

    Russia D2 50,000-150,000 Metric Tons FOB Rotterdam Port.

    JP54 5000,000 Barrels per Month FOB Rotterdam.

    JA1 Jet Fuel 10,000,000 Barrels FOB Rotterdam.

    D6 Virgin Fuel Oil 800,000,000 Gallon FOB Rotterdam.

    E-mail: vlahdanichka_misha@mail.ru
    phone :+79260030732

    Best Regards
    Thank You



    VLAHD ANICHKA MISHA

    ReplyDelete
  25. Dear Buyer/ Buyer mandate
    We have Available FOB Rotterdam/Hosuton for JP54,D2, D6, JetA1 with good and workable procedure,whereby buyer will dip test in seller tank with proof of product.
    Kindly Contact us via (usmanovoilandgas60@mail.ru) for SCO.

    Regards
    Usmanov Alexie
    email: usmanovoilandgas60@mail.ru, usmanovoilandgas@yahoo.com
    skype: usmanovoilandgas

    ReplyDelete

  26. Greetings,
    I am a Brocker to a Direct Mandate working with a reputable refinery here in Russia Federation, our refineries can supply to you/your buyers it's products such as, JP54, JPA1, MAZUT, AGO, LNG, LPG, D2, D6, REBCO, EN590.....
    Without any delay nor complication. Kindly contact us through any of our informations below for our official soft co-operate offer (SCO).

    Note: FOB delivery is DIP and PAY standard working procedure.

    Contact: +79260025997
    Skyp:nestor.vladimirivanovich7
    Email:- nestor.vladimirivanovich7@mail.ru
    Thanks and Best regards.
    Nestor Vladimir Ivanovich

    ReplyDelete
  27. Dear Buyer/ Buyer mandate
    We have Available FOB Rotterdam/Houston/Russia for JP54,D2, D6, JetA1 with good and workable procedure,whereby buyer will dip test in seller tank with proof of product.
    Kindly Contact us via (usmanovoilandgas60@mail.ru) for SCO.

    Regards
    Usmanov Alexie
    email: usmanovoilandgas60@mail.ru, usmanovoilandgas@yahoo.com
    skype: usmanovoilandgas

    ReplyDelete

  28. Hello,

    We have petroleum products such as
    D1,
    D2,
    D6,
    JET Fuel
    A1,
    MAZUT,
    LPG and LNG

    for sale at lift able quantity both on FOB and CIF delivery basis.

    I can be reached on

    Kuznetsov GAVRIIL Mikhailovich (Mr.)
    EMAIL: kuznetsovgavriil.mikhailovich@mail.ru
    EMAIL: kuznetsovgavriil.mikhailovich@mail.ru
    Skype: GAVRIL Mikhailovich
    TEL: +7 9153753185

    ReplyDelete

  29. Greetings,
    I am a Brocker to a Direct Mandate working with a reputable refinery here in Russia Federation, our refineries can supply to you/your buyers it's products such as, JP54, JPA1, MAZUT, AGO, LNG, LPG, D2, D6, REBCO, EN590.....
    Without any delay nor complication. Kindly contact us through any of our informations below for our official soft co-operate offer (SCO).

    Note: FOB delivery is DIP and PAY standard working procedure.

    Contact: +79260025997
    Skyp:nestor.vladimirivanovich7
    Email:- nestor.vladimirivanovich7@mail.ru
    Thanks and Best regards.
    Nestor Vladimir Ivanovich


    ReplyDelete
  30. Dear Buyer/ Buyer mandate

    We have Available FOB Rotterdam/Houston/Russia for JP54,D2, D6, JetA1 with good and workable procedure,whereby buyer will dip test in seller tank with proof of product.
    Kindly Contact us via (usmanovoilandgas@yahoo.com) for SCO.

    Regards
    Usmanov Alexie
    email: usmanovoilandgas60@mail.ru,
    skype: usmanovoilandgas

    ReplyDelete
  31. Health is not just physical health, but also mental, emotional and spiritual well-being. An important part of the healing process for me is to be active in HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS education, support and advocacy. I volunteer in a number of HSV organizations, and in particular Positive Women, because the impact of HSV on women is very different than from men. As once a positive person, I will forever be grateful to God Almighty and Doctor osewe who reached on me when i thought it was all over, Today am happy with my family living free after the medical doctor have confirmed my HSV status Negative, I have never in my life believed that HSV could be cured by any herbal medicine, I want to make sure that HSV never happens to anyone else. We can't prevent HSV by punishment, by stigma and discrimination. It's only through building a safe, supportive and caring environment, that positive people still have hope and they should contact Dr Ebude with this email:hvpnaturalremedyclinic@gmail.com so they can once again be visible in our community, to educate and advocate, to take better care of ourselves and our families. We're someone's daughter, partner, mother, grandmother, sister, aunt. When we have HSV, it impacts on our families too. kindly contact him today and leave stress free, mind you, this spell doctor also have remedy for the following:HIV AIDS, ALS, MND, Epilepsy, Leukemia, Asthma, Cancer, Candida, Gonorrhea,Empty stomach[yin infection] Good luck as you step into greatness.
    the doctor's email once again is
    hpvnaturalremedyclinic@gmail.com
    you can also call him on; +2348127918703

    ReplyDelete
  32. Our company PETROLEUM CORP is the most viable and efficient connection between real buyers and sellers for all principal energy commodities. We trade in several commodities not limited to AVIATION KEROSENE’S, namely,


    JET FUEL (JP54),
    VIRGIN DIESEL FUEL OIL (D6),
    DIESEL GASOIL (D2),
    MAZUT etc.

    and also in BONNY LIGHT, OTHER CRUDES AND COALS. We currently serve any world port. If you are a buyer or direct mandate to a performing buyer please feel free to contact us.

    Please contact us via our official email address.

    kuznetsovgavriil.mikhailovich@mail.ru

    Thanks.

    Kuznetsov GAVRIIL Mikhailovich

    ReplyDelete
  33. Hello we Can supply Aviation Kerosene,Jet fuel (JP 54-A1,5), Diesel (Gas Oil) and Fuel Oil D2, D6,ETC in FOB/Rotterdam only, serious buyer should contact or if you have serious buyers

    my seller is ready to close this deal fast contact us below:now base email us (vlahdanichka_misha@mail.ru)

    PRODUCT AVAILABLE IN ROTTERDAM/ CI DIP AND PAY IN SELLER EX-SHORE TANK.

    Russia D2 50,000-150,000 Metric Tons FOB Rotterdam Port.

    JP54 5000,000 Barrels per Month FOB Rotterdam.

    JA1 Jet Fuel 10,000,000 Barrels FOB Rotterdam.

    D6 Virgin Fuel Oil 800,000,000 Gallon FOB Rotterdam.

    E-mail: vlahdanichka_misha@mail.ru
    phone :+79260030732
    skype id:vlahdanichka_misha@mail.ru

    Best Regards
    Thank You

    VLAHD ANICHKA MISHA

    ReplyDelete
  34. Illarion Isaak KazimirNovember 16, 2018 at 12:17 PM

    I am a Direct Mandate working with a reputable refinery here in Russia Federation, our refineries can supply to you/your buyers it's products such as, JP54, JPA1, MAZUT, AGO, LNG, LPG, D2, D6, REBCO, EN590..... Kindly contact us through any of our information's Email: illarion.isaakkazimir68@mail.ru

    ReplyDelete
  35. Our company PETROLEUM CORP is the most viable and efficient connection between real buyers for all principal energy commodities. We trade in several commodities not limited to AVIATION KEROSENE’S, namely,

    1) JP54
    2) JPA1
    3) MAZUT
    4) AGO
    5) LNG
    6) LPG
    7) D2
    8) D6
    9) REBCO
    10) EN590
    MAZUT etc.

    And also in BONNY LIGHT, OTHER CRUDES AND COALS. We currently serve any world port. If you are a buyer or direct mandate to a performing buyer please feel free to contact us.

    Please contact us via our official email address.

    alexei_vsevolod@mail.ru

    Thanks.
    Alexei Vsevolod

    ReplyDelete
  36. I am a Broker to a Direct Mandate working with a reputable refinery, and we are to you, esteem buyers that the petroleum products you are looking for is available in our Tanks and Reservoir for immedaite lift and supply.

    SUCH AS
    1) JP54
    2) JPA1
    3) MAZUT
    4) AGO
    5) LNG
    6) LPG
    7) D2
    8) D6
    9) REBCO
    10) EN590

    Please contact us via our official email address.

    E-mail: vlahdanichka_misha@mail.ru
    phone :+79067109704
    skype id:phoenix.tearsoil@bk.ru

    Best Regards
    Thank You

    VLAHD ANICHKA MISHA

    ReplyDelete
  37. I am a Broker to a Direct Mandate working with a reputable refinery, and we are to you, esteem buyers that the petroleum products you are looking for is available in our Tanks and Reservoir for immedaite lift and supply.

    SUCH AS
    1) JP54
    2) JPA1
    3) MAZUT
    4) AGO
    5) LNG
    6) LPG
    7) D2
    8) D6
    9) REBCO
    10) EN590

    Please contact us via our official email address.

    kuznetsovgavriil.mikhailovich@mail.ru

    Thanks.
    Kuznetsov GAVRIIL Mikhailovich

    ReplyDelete
  38. Our company is in search of potential buyers who might be interested in the following Crude and petroleum products such as Diesel D2, Virgin Oil D6, Jet Fuel Grade 54, Mazut and more of the Russian Origin crude and petroleum products.
 
We have workable FOB/CIF procedure and also we provide legitimate storage company in and out of the Russian Federation. We seek to know the possibility of going into business discussion with your company on the above if interested.
    We look forward to your response.

    BELOW IS OUR CONTACT INFORMATION

    MITIN NIKOLAY SERGEEVICH

    EMAIL: mitinnikolay@inbox.ru

    Skype: mitinnikolay

    Telephone: +7-926-801-5735

    ReplyDelete
  39. We OOO PROM TRADING is one of the leading Oil & Gas
    trading companies in Russia Federation with good business reputation and well experienced in the Petroleum and mining sector. We offer the following trades through our reliable Refineries: D2 DIESEL OIL GOST 305-82, JP54 AVIATION KEROSENE COLONIAL GRADE, UREA 46%/PRILLS, LNG,
    LPG, REBCO, MAZUT100 GOST 10585-75/99, AUTOMOTIVE GAS OIL(AGO) ETC. We as well secure allocations from our various Refineries for our numerous buyers who are interested in Spot transactions on FOB/CIF deliveries to any world safe port (AWSP). Our Refineries have their products both
    at Russian ports and Rotterdam port.

    Best Regards

    Mr Andrey Ankudimov

    Tel: +7 (987) 897-72-99

    Email: serviceandrey.a@inbox.ru

    Skype: serviceandrey.a

    ReplyDelete
  40. we one of the leading Oil & Gas trading companies in Russia Federation with good business reputation and well experienced in the Petroleum and mining sector. We offer the following trades through our reliable Refineries: D2 DIESEL OIL GOST 305-82, JP54 AVIATION KEROSENE COLONIAL GRADE, UREA 46%/PRILLS, LNG, LPG, REBCO, MAZUT100 GOST 10585-75/99, AUTOMOTIVE GAS OIL(AGO). We as well secure allocations from our various Refineries for our numerous buyers who are interested in Spot transactions on FOB/CIF deliveries to any world safe port (AWSP). Our Refineries have their products both at Russian ports and Rotterdam port. we also have a reliable SHIPPING COMPANY if you are in need of find the contact bellow.


    ivanartur26@mail.ru
    whatsapp +79260030691
    skype honestboo555
    English Department

    ReplyDelete
  41. Our company PETROLEUM CORP is the most viable and efficient connection between real buyers and sellers for all principal energy commodities.



    We trade in several commodities not limited to AVIATION KEROSENE’S, namely,



    JET FUEL (JP54),

    VIRGIN DIESEL FUEL OIL (D6),

    DIESEL GASOIL (D2),

    MAZUT etc.



    And also in BONNY LIGHT, OTHER CRUDES AND COALS. We currently serve any world port. If you are a buyer or direct mandate to a performing buyer please feel free to contact us.



    Please contact us via our official email address.

    kuznetsovgavriil.mikhailovich@mail.ru



    Whatsapp: +79153753185

    Skype ID: live:63388f01d68be9ff



    Thanks.

    Kuznetsov GAVRIIL Mikhailovich

    ReplyDelete
  42. We introduce to you OOO "LK SINTEZ" a mandate company that is bond by law and authorized to represent a reputable end seller company involved in the selling of various petroleum products: Mazut, D2,D6,JP54, Jet fuel A1,LPG,LNG. Our main goal is to ensure high level of professionalism in all our transactions to satisfy the demands of our seller and buyers alike, to ensure a good business relationship between our seller and buyers.
    contact us via our email below for our SCO {SOFT CORPORATE OFFER}and procedure.
    regards,
    Name: OMELCHENKO DMITRY ALEKSANDROVICH
    Email: omelchenkodmitry@inbox.ru

    Skype: omelchenkodmitry@inbox.ru
    Phone: +7-926-80-156-31,

    ReplyDelete
  43. JP 54, D2, and D6 EN590,JET A1 AVAILABLE ON FOB DIP AND TEST IN SELLER TANK

    We Can supply Aviation Kerosene,Jet fuel (JP 54-A1,5), Diesel (Gas Oil) and Fuel Oil D2, D6,ETC in FOB/Rotterdam only, if you want in Rotterdam buyer must own tanks in Rotterdam serious buyer should contact or if you have serious buyers my seller is ready to close this deal fast contact us below:now base email us (llc-globalneftegaz@bk.ru)

    PRODUCT AVAILABLE IN ROTTERDAM/ CI DIP AND PAY IN SELLER EX-SHORE TANK.

    Russia D2 50,000-150,000 Metric Tons FOB Rotterdam Port.

    JP54 5000,000 Barrels per Month FOB Rotterdam.

    JA1 Jet Fuel 10,000,000 Barrels FOB Rotterdam.

    D6 Virgin Fuel Oil 800,000,000 Gallon FOB Rotterdam.

    Contact Person:Feliks Andros
    Company: LLC GLOBAL NEFTEGAZ
    Email: llc-globalneftegaz@ bk.ru
    Skype: live:e4aada2885c8c198
    Whatsapp:+79032245653
    English Department

    Best Regards

    ReplyDelete
  44. Our company PETROLEUM CORP is the most viable and efficient connection between real buyers and sellers for all principal energy commodities.

    We trade in several commodities not limited to AVIATION KEROSENE’S, namely,

    JET FUEL (JP54),
    VIRGIN DIESEL FUEL OIL (D6),
    DIESEL GASOIL (D2),
    MAZUT etc.

    And also in BONNY LIGHT, OTHER CRUDES AND COALS. We currently serve any world port. If you are a buyer or direct mandate to a performing buyer please feel free to contact us.

    Please contact us via our official email address.
    kuznetsovgavriil.mikhailovich@mail.ru

    Whatsapp: +79153753185
    Skype ID: live:63388f01d68be9ff

    Thanks.
    Kuznetsov GAVRIIL Mikhailovich

    ReplyDelete
  45. Good Day Sir/Madam

    We CLOSED JOINT-STOCK COMPANY AGS-OIL is one of the leading Oil & Gas
    trading companies in Russia Federation with good business reputation
    and well experienced in the Petroleum and mining sector. We offer the
    following trades through our reliable Refineries: D2 DIESEL OIL GOST
    305-82, JP54 AVIATION KEROSENE COLONIAL GRADE, UREA 46%/PRILLS, LNG,
    LPG, REBCO, MAZUT100 GOST 10585-75/99, AUTOMOTIVE GAS OIL(AGO). We as
    well secure allocations from our various Refineries for our numerous
    buyers who are interested in Spot transactions on FOB/CIF deliveries
    to any world safe port (AWSP). Our Refineries have their products both
    at Russian ports and Rotterdam port. interested buyer contact us via
    email:baevsergeyalexandrovich2289@gmail.com

    ReplyDelete
  46. Good Day Sir/Madam

    We CLOSED JOINT-STOCK COMPANY AGS-OIL is one of the leading Oil & Gas trading companies in Russia Federation with good business reputation and well experienced in the Petroleum and mining sector. We offer the following trades through our reliable Refineries: D2 DIESEL OIL GOST 305-82, JP54 AVIATION KEROSENE COLONIAL GRADE, UREA 46%/PRILLS, LNG, LPG, REBCO, MAZUT100 GOST 10585-75/99, AUTOMOTIVE GAS OIL(AGO). We as well secure allocations from our various Refineries for our numerous buyers who are interested in Spot transactions on FOB/CIF deliveries to any world safe port (AWSP). Our Refineries have their products both at Russian ports and Rotterdam port. interested buyer contact via email (baevsergeyalexandrovich2289@gmail.com)

    ReplyDelete
  47. Our company PETROLEUM CORP is the most viable and efficient connection between real buyers and sellers for all principal energy commodities.

    We trade in several commodities not limited to AVIATION KEROSENE’S, namely,

    JET FUEL (JP54),
    VIRGIN DIESEL FUEL OIL (D6),
    DIESEL GASOIL (D2),
    MAZUT etc.

    And also in BONNY LIGHT, OTHER CRUDES AND COALS. We currently serve any world port. If you are a buyer or direct mandate to a performing buyer please feel free to contact us.

    Please contact us via our official email address.
    kuznetsovgavriil.mikhailovich@mail.ru

    Whatsapp: +79153753185
    Skype ID: live:63388f01d68be9ff

    Thanks.
    Kuznetsov GAVRIIL Mikhailovich

    ReplyDelete
  48. Our company PETROLEUM CORP is the most viable and efficient connection between real buyers and sellers for all principal energy commodities.

    We trade in several commodities not limited to AVIATION KEROSENE’S, namely,

    JET FUEL (JP54),
    VIRGIN DIESEL FUEL OIL (D6),
    DIESEL GASOIL (D2),
    MAZUT etc.

    And also in BONNY LIGHT, OTHER CRUDES AND COALS. We currently serve any world port. If you are a buyer or direct mandate to a performing buyer please feel free to contact us.

    Please contact us via our official email address.
    kuznetsovgavriil.mikhailovich@mail.ru

    Whatsapp: +79153753185
    Skype ID: live:63388f01d68be9ff

    Thanks.
    Kuznetsov GAVRIIL Mikhailovich

    ReplyDelete
  49. We, OOO GSK NEFT is one of the leading Oil & Gas trading companies in Russia Federation with good business reputation and well experienced in the Petroleum and mining sector. We offer the following trades through our reliable Refineries: D2 DIESEL OIL GOST 305-82, JP54 AVIATION KEROSENE COLONIAL GRADE, UREA 46%/PRILLS, LNG,LPG, REBCO, MAZUT100 GOST 10585-75/99, AUTOMOTIVE GAS OIL(AGO) ETC. We as well secure allocations from our various Refineries for our numerous buyers who are interested in Spot transactions on FOB/CIF deliveries to any world safe port (AWSP). Our Refineries have their products both at Russian ports and Rotterdam port. 

    Best Regards 
    Mr Burdin Dmitry Yuryevich
    Tel: +79268063267
    Email: ooogsk.neft@mail.ru
    Skype: ooogsk.neft@mail.ru

    ReplyDelete
  50. Our company PETROLEUM CORP is the most viable and efficient connection between real buyers and sellers for all principal energy commodities.

    We trade in several commodities not limited to AVIATION KEROSENE’S, namely,

    JET FUEL (JP54),
    VIRGIN DIESEL FUEL OIL (D6),
    DIESEL GASOIL (D2),
    MAZUT etc.

    And also in BONNY LIGHT, OTHER CRUDES AND COALS. We currently serve any world port. If you are a buyer or direct mandate to a performing buyer please feel free to contact us.

    Please contact us via our official email address.
    kuznetsovgavriil.mikhailovich@mail.ru

    Whatsapp: +79153753185
    Skype ID: live:63388f01d68be9ff

    Thanks.
    Kuznetsov GAVRIIL Mikhailovich

    ReplyDelete
  51. Our company PETROLEUM CORP is the most viable and efficient connection between real buyers and sellers for all principal energy commodities.

    We trade in several commodities not limited to AVIATION KEROSENE’S, namely,

    JET FUEL (JP54),
    VIRGIN DIESEL FUEL OIL (D6),
    DIESEL GASOIL (D2),
    MAZUT etc.

    And also in BONNY LIGHT, OTHER CRUDES AND COALS. We currently serve any world port. If you are a buyer or direct mandate to a performing buyer please feel free to contact us.

    Please contact us via our official email address.
    kuznetsovgavriil.mikhailovich@mail.ru

    Whatsapp: +79153753185
    Skype ID: live:63388f01d68be9ff

    Thanks.
    Kuznetsov GAVRIIL Mikhailovich

    ReplyDelete
  52. We are please to inform your esteem buying company the petroleum products you are looking for is available in our storage tanks and reservoir for immediate delivery. Such as:

    1) D2 DIESEL GAS OIL L-0.2-62 GOST 305-82.
    2) D6 VIRGIN FUEL OIL
    3) JET FUEL JP54
    4) JET FUEL JPA1

    Provide your official email or contact us via email to enable us issue our official soft corporate offer (SCO).Thanks.

    BELOW IS OUR CONTACT INFORMATION,
    Please contact us via our official email address.

    kuznetsovgavriil.mikhailovich@mail.ru

    Whatsapp: +79153753185
    Skype ID: live:63388f01d68be9ff

    Thanks.
    Kuznetsov GAVRIIL Mikhailovich

    ReplyDelete
  53. We are please to inform your esteem buying company the petroleum products you are looking for is available in our storage tanks and reservoir for immediate delivery. Such as:

    1) D2 DIESEL GAS OIL L-0.2-62 GOST 305-82.
    2) D6 VIRGIN FUEL OIL
    3) JET FUEL JP54
    4) JET FUEL JPA1

    Provide your official email or contact us via email to enable us issue our official soft corporate offer (SCO).Thanks.

    BELOW IS OUR CONTACT INFORMATION,
    Please contact us via our official email address.

    kuznetsovgavriil.mikhailovich@mail.ru

    Whatsapp: +79153753185
    Skype ID: live:63388f01d68be9ff

    Thanks.
    Kuznetsov GAVRIIL Mikhailovich

    ReplyDelete

  54. Good Day Sir/Madam

    We CLOSED JOINT-STOCK COMPANY AGS-OIL is one of the leading Oil & Gas
    trading companies in Russia Federation with good business reputation
    and well experienced in the Petroleum and mining sector. We offer the
    following trades through our reliable Refineries: D2 DIESEL OIL GOST
    305-82, JP54 AVIATION KEROSENE COLONIAL GRADE, UREA 46%/PRILLS, LNG,
    LPG, REBCO, MAZUT100 GOST 10585-75/99, AUTOMOTIVE GAS OIL(AGO). We as
    well secure allocations from our various Refineries for our numerous
    buyers who are interested in Spot transactions on FOB/CIF deliveries
    to any world safe port (AWSP). Our Refineries have their products both
    at Russian ports and Rotterdam port. interested buyer contact us via
    email:baevsergeyalexandrovich2289@gmail.com

    ReplyDelete
  55. We are please to inform your esteem buying company the petroleum products you are looking for is available in our storage tanks and reservoir for immediate delivery. Such as:

    1) D2 DIESEL GAS OIL L-0.2-62 GOST 305-82.
    2) D6 VIRGIN FUEL OIL
    3) JET FUEL JP54
    4) JET FUEL JPA1

    Provide your official email or contact us via email to enable us issue our official soft corporate offer (SCO).Thanks.

    BELOW IS OUR CONTACT INFORMATION,
    Please contact us via our official email address.

    kuznetsovgavriil.mikhailovich@mail.ru

    Whatsapp: +79153753185
    Skype ID: live:63388f01d68be9ff

    Thanks.
    Kuznetsov GAVRIIL Mikhailovich

    ReplyDelete
  56. We CLOSED JOINT-STOCK COMPANY AGS OIL is one of the leading Oil & Gas trading companies in Russia Federation with good business reputation and well experienced in the Petroleum and mining sector. We offer the following trades through our reliable Refineries: D2 DIESEL OIL GOST 305-82, JP54 AVIATION KEROSENE COLONIAL GRADE, UREA 46%/PRILLS, LNG, LPG, REBCO, MAZUT100 GOST 10585-75/99, AUTOMOTIVE GAS OIL(AGO). We as well secure allocations from our various Refineries for our numerous buyers who are interested in Spot transactions on FOB/CIF deliveries to any world safe port (AWSP). Our Refineries have their products both at Russian ports and Rotterdam port. we also have a reliable SHIPPING COMPANY if you are in need of find the contact bellow.
    Email: baevsergeyalexandrovich@bk.ru
    BAEVSERGEY ALEXANDROVICH.

    ReplyDelete
  57. We are please to inform your esteem buying company the petroleum products you are looking for is available in our storage tanks and reservoir for immediate delivery. Such as:

    1) D2 DIESEL GAS OIL L-0.2-62 GOST 305-82.
    2) D6 VIRGIN FUEL OIL
    3) JET FUEL JP54
    4) JET FUEL JPA1

    Provide your official email or contact us via email to enable us issue our official soft corporate offer (SCO).Thanks.

    BELOW IS OUR CONTACT INFORMATION,
    Please contact us via our official email address.

    kuznetsovgavriil.mikhailovich@mail.ru

    Whatsapp: +79153753185
    Skype ID: live:63388f01d68be9ff

    Thanks.
    Kuznetsov GAVRIIL Mikhailovich

    ReplyDelete
  58. Dear Sir / Madam

    we are direct mandate to major oil selling refinery here in Russia Federation, we provide standard services globally and compact into oil trading with commitment to provide excellent service.
    The Refinery which we represent can supply to you and your esteemed buyers company any Russian Origin product such as ;
    JP54,
    Jet A1,
    M100,
    D2,
    D6, etc
    without any complications.On agreed sellers procedures we can close the deal within 48/72hours. If interested kindly contact us via

    Email: gaznefte.sell@mail.ru

    Thanks.
    Angel Bottoms

    ReplyDelete

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